Radiographic testing is an important type of NDT technique which utilizes x-rays and gamma rays for inspecting the internal structure of a component. This can be accomplished by, placing the test specimen between the radiation source and a piece of film. When the radiation is applied, the part will stop some radiation according to the thickness. The penetrated radiation will excite the film and generate the pattern of the defect.
Types of rays in Radiographic Testing
- X- Rays
- Gamma Rays
They are high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. X-ray is produced artificially by X-ray generator and gamma rays are produced by radioactive material. X-rays and gamma rays cannot be seen, felt or heard and it has no mass and electrical charge.
Type of radiography
- Conventional Radiography
- Digital Radiography
- Conventional Radiography
Here we use sensitive films. When this sensitive film gets exposed to radiation the particles of the film get excited and capture the image. The image in the film will clearly show if there is any defect in the workpiece. The film contains microscopic material like silver bromide. Once this material gets exposed to radiation it will turn to a black metallic silver, ie image. The obtained image can be viewed by developing it in a darkroom. The density of radiation exposure will clearly show the presence and type of discontinuity.
- Digital Radiography
Instead of the film we use a digital detector to display the radiographic image in the computer screen. It need only a small radiation exposure, but the image can be interpreted more quickly. In digital radiography quality of an image is far better than conventional radiography. This technology can be utilized to identify the flaw in a material, foreign inclusion, examine weld repairs and inspect corrosion.
Applications of radiography
- It is used to inspect new product and weld joints to ensure that they meet the requirements of relevant standards and measurements.
- Radiographic testing is also used to detect and measure the internal flaw of a component in service.
- It is used to inspect pipelines in oil and gas plant, storage containers, corrosion in material, etc.
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