Contact transducers
contact transducers inspect the test example by making direct contact. A slim, hard wear plate slice to a thickness of one-quarter the wavelength shields the dynamic component from harm in ordinary use. Contact transducers are usually utilized in defect recognition applications including straight shaft tests, for example, when searching for voids in metal ingots or delamination’s in composites, and furthermore in numerous thickness gaging applications.
Angle beam transducers
These are comparative in development to contact transducers, however, are intended to be utilized with angle beam wedges to create sound tilted at an edge to the coupling surface. Wedges are usually designed to create refracted shear waves at 45, 60, or 70 degrees. They are standard in most weld inspections since testing the most widely recognized weld geometries requires pointing sound waves at an angle. These transducers are referenced in all basic weld inspection codes.
Delay line transducers
Delay line transducers join a chamber of plastic, epoxy, or fused silica known as a delay line between the dynamic component and the test piece. A reason behind using them is for slender material applications like testing spot welds in sheet metal or estimating extremely slim test pieces, where it is essential to isolate the excitation pulse recovery from back wall echoes. A delay line is frequently utilized as a Thermal insulator, shielding the heat-sensitive transducer component from direct contact with hot test pieces. Delay lines can likewise be moulded or formed to improve sound coupling in strongly bent or restricted spaces.
Immersion transducers
These are, designed to be drenched in water and utilize a segment or shower of water to couple sound energy into the test piece. These transducers much of the time engage an acoustic focal lens that focuses the sound beam into a little spot. They are usually used for on-line or in-process tests on moving parts, scanning, and for advancing sound coupling into sharp ranges, grooves, or channels in test pieces with complex geometry.
Dual element transducers
This type of transducers is used fundamentally for testing rough as well as corroded surfaces. They have separate transmitting and accepting components mounted on a delay line at a small angle to focus sound energy a selected separation underneath the surface of a test piece. Despite the fact that thickness estimation with duals is now and then not as exact similarly as with different kinds of transducers, they typically give altogether better execution in corrosion survey applications because of their higher sensitivity to improved close surface resolution. They are likewise regularly utilized for high-temperature testing since most duals will endure contact with hot surfaces, and for defect-recognition in rough/harsh surfaced castings.